Continuous electroencephalogram (CEEG) monitoring is increasingly being used for brain monitoring in neurocritical care setting. This is because of the proven effectiveness of CEEG in diagnosing nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) as a cause of unexplained consciousness disorder. CEEG has been demonstrated to be effective in determining the response to, and outcome of, NCSE treatment.

The significance of CEEG measurement in the ICU setting includes (1) detection of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in patients with unexplained consciousness disorder or mental deterioration, (2) assessment of sedative/anesthetic state, (3) early detection of delayed cerebral ischemia associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and (4) assessment of the outcome of patients with postresuscitation encephalopathy or subsequent severe neurological disorders [1]. Especially useful for patients with NCSE, CEEG can detect changes in EEG over time, thereby enabling the early initiation of treatment, and can evaluate response to treatment, if administered, over time.

Monitoring usually includes measurement of vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and respiration rate), quantification of all fluid intake and output, and often daily weight. Blood pressure may be recorded by an automated sphygmomanometer, or an arterial catheter can be used for continuous blood pressure monitoring. A transcutaneous sensor for pulse oximetry is used as well.

Emergency medicine is a specialty that is concerned with the initial assessment, stabilization, diagnosis and treatment of individuals with acute illness and injury. It also offers management of trauma and resuscitation, advanced cardiac life support and airway management, poisoning, overdose, out-of-hospital care and disaster casualties. It also involves the technical and cognitive aspects of practically all fields of medicine and surgery including the surgical sub-specialties.

Nurses work within both pre-op holding and PACU (post-anesthesia care unit), where patients are cared for and monitored as they recover from the effects of anesthesia. The nurses responsibilities include all aspects of patient care prior to and following surgery. ... Admits, transfers, and discharge of patients.

Nocturnal, laboratory-based polysomnography (PSG), also known as a sleep study, is the most commonly used test in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). A sleep study can be used for diagnosing other sleep disorders as well, including periodic limb movement disorder, narcolepsy, chronic insomnia, and REM sleep behavior disorder. It is often considered the criterion standard for diagnosing OSAS, determining the severity of the disease, and evaluating various other sleep disorders that can exist with or without OSAS. PSG is non-invasive and consists of a simultaneous recording of multiple physiologic parameters related to sleep and wakefulness. See the image below. Home-based, limited-channel sleep studies are being used more often to diagnosis obstructive sleep apnea, but they have some limitations.